Full teaching record
aranahala
EN let (one) cheat, in games / cheat, in games! (imperative)
Meaning & authority
Evidence state: CONTEXT-ATTESTED FORM — source-attributed usage preserved
Attributed sources: LILA Garífuna Diccionario / Salvador Suazo · The People’s Garífuna Dictionary · stockle carib
Academic authority: MARAGAÑ (Shaka) MAGARADA 2026-06-24 (modal/optative paradigm, root ex. aguyaguda); Haurholm-Larsen 2016 (irrealis/optative)
How the form is built
Root: aranaha — to cheat, in games
- IMP — MARAGAÑ (Shaka) MAGARADA 2026-06-24 (modal/optative paradigm, root ex. aguyaguda); Haurholm-Larsen 2016 (irrealis/optative)
Paradigm: modal_optative
-la — IMP [MARAGAÑ (Shaka) MAGARADA 2026-06-24 (modal/optative paradigm, root ex. aguyaguda); Haurholm-Larsen 2016 (irrealis/optative)]
Academic teaching rationale
### aranahala *“let (one) cheat, in games / cheat, in games! (imperative).”* The form **aranahala** is built upon the root *aranaha*, “to cheat, in games” (The People's Garifuna Dictionary (Cayetano)). To it is joined the imperative/hortative mood *-la*, which issues the action as a wish or command — 'let it be …'. Taken whole, the word means precisely “let (one) cheat, in games / cheat, in games! (imperative)” — its gloss states the fully-inflected sense, never the bare meaning of the root. Placed beside its siblings, **naranaha** (“I cheat, in games”); **baranaha** (“you cheat, in games”): each shares the same stem yet bends it to a different shade of meaning, which is exactly how Garífuna wins great precision from a single root. *The construction rests on MARAGAÑ (Shaka) MAGARADA 2026-06-24 (modal/optative paradigm, root ex. aguyaguda). This is a principled composition — a cited root joined to a cited paradigm — and so it is offered for fluent-elder validation rather than asserted as attested.*
Voices & attributed examples (3)
anihain adibiha ha- gune irahüñü baranaha ||2. lerederun katai dibiñu |3. adibira saragu katai li- dan aban | 4. lerederun katai deregüda- gu garabalirugu [ anihain aban gúrudu adibiha gusinarugu
Salvador Suazo, Lila Garifuna Diccionario A-Y — permission granted · attributed_permission_grantedariha bâmugai asabuihaní le ladügübai baranaha
Salvador Suazo, Lila Garifuna Diccionario A-Y — permission granted · attributed_permission_grantedbusientina naigin gain gumanana ||3. gárin ||4. aban túyeri seni achûrutu baranaha ligibugien beya lun tárühan gadaru ||5. seni harühagüle gadaru [ naibuga achûra gain
Salvador Suazo, Lila Garifuna Diccionario A-Y — permission granted · attributed_permission_granted
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