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Full teaching record

anufudehagubeila

Elder review visible

EN (one) may as well frighten

Meaning & authority

Evidence state: CONTEXT-ATTESTED FORM — source-attributed usage preserved

Attributed sources: LILA Garífuna Diccionario / Salvador Suazo · The People’s Garífuna Dictionary

Academic authority: MARAGAÑ (Shaka) MAGARADA 2026-06-24 (modal/optative paradigm, root ex. aguyaguda); Haurholm-Larsen 2016 (irrealis/optative)

How the form is built

Root: anufudeha — to frighten/to scare

  • OPT.aswell — MARAGAÑ (Shaka) MAGARADA 2026-06-24 (modal/optative paradigm, root ex. aguyaguda); Haurholm-Larsen 2016 (irrealis/optative)

Paradigm: modal_optative

-gubeila — OPT.aswell [MARAGAÑ (Shaka) MAGARADA 2026-06-24 (modal/optative paradigm, root ex. aguyaguda); Haurholm-Larsen 2016 (irrealis/optative)]

Academic teaching rationale

### anufudehagubeila *“(one) may as well frighten.”* The form **anufudehagubeila** is built upon the root *anufudeha*, “to frighten/to scare” (NISAMINA master dictionary). To it is joined the concessive-optative mood *-gubeila*, which offers the action as something one may as well do. Taken whole, the word means precisely “(one) may as well frighten” — its gloss states the fully-inflected sense, never the bare meaning of the root. Set against its kin, **nanufudeha** (“I frighten”); **banufudeha** (“you frighten”): each shares the same stem yet bends it to a different shade of meaning, which is exactly how Garífuna wins great precision from a single root. Its stem is corroborated in living usage (triangulation count 2), though a sentence-length citation for this exact form still awaits collection. *The construction rests on MARAGAÑ (Shaka) MAGARADA 2026-06-24 (modal/optative paradigm, root ex. aguyaguda). This is a principled composition — a cited root joined to a cited paradigm — and so it is offered for fluent-elder validation rather than asserted as attested.*

Voices & attributed examples (3)
  1. maagara- habá nun

    Salvador Suazo, Lila Garifuna Diccionario A-Y — permission granted · attributed_permission_granted
  2. mayabinbáanufu- ___ fulasu [ ka san uagu lañagaraha irahü le

    Salvador Suazo, Lila Garifuna Diccionario A-Y — permission granted · attributed_permission_granted
  3. ka san uagu lañagaraha irahü le

    Lila Garifuna Diccionario (Salvador Suazo) · attributed_permission_granted
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