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íñaratiburiha

Elder review visible

EN he would habitually curse / he usually curses

Meaning & authority

Evidence state: COMPOSITIONAL CANDIDATE — elder validation required

Academic authority: Haurholm-Larsen 2016 §3.3.4 (-ti/-tu); Stark 2018 (diachronic *-thi/*-thu); MARAGAÑ (Shaka) MAGARADA 2026-06-24 (eibuga aspect family: -dugu frequentative / -gubeiyein perfect-continuous)

How the form is built

Root: íñara — to curse

  • 3SG.M — Haurholm-Larsen 2016 §3.3.4 (-ti/-tu); Stark 2018 (diachronic *-thi/*-thu)
  • HABITUAL ('usually / would usually / often') — MARAGAÑ (Shaka) MAGARADA 2026-06-24 (eibuga aspect family: -dugu frequentative / -gubeiyein perfect-continuous)

Paradigm: aspect

-ti — 3SG.M [Haurholm-Larsen 2016 §3.3.4 (-ti/-tu); Stark 2018 (diachronic *-thi/*-thu)]

-buriha — HABITUAL ('usually / would usually / often') [MARAGAÑ (Shaka) MAGARADA 2026-06-24 (eibuga aspect family: -dugu frequentative / -gubeiyein perfect-continuous)]

Academic teaching rationale

### íñaratiburiha *“he would habitually curse / he usually curses.”* The form **íñaratiburiha** is built upon the root *íñara*, “to curse” (NISAMINA master dictionary). To it are joined the third-person masculine ('he') agreement suffix *-ti*, which fixes the subject as third-person masculine ('he'); then the habitual suffix *-buriha*, which makes the action one's customary practice — 'would usually, habitually, as a rule'. Taken whole, the word means precisely “he would habitually curse / he usually curses” — its gloss states the fully-inflected sense, never the bare meaning of the root. Placed beside its siblings, **níñara** (“I curse”); **bíñara** (“you curse”): each shares the same stem yet bends it to a different shade of meaning, which is exactly how Garífuna wins great precision from a single root. While a citation of this exact form still awaits collection, its root is heard in living speech, as in *“Daritina aban abûrügülei iñara luágu larûtübü ábutii.”* — ‘I found a magic pen on the chief's hammock.’. [FEED:verified_sentences] *The construction rests on Haurholm-Larsen 2016 §3.3.4 (-ti/-tu); MARAGAÑ (Shaka) MAGARADA 2026-06-24 (eibuga aspect family: -dugu frequentative / -gubeiyein perfect-continuous). This is a principled composition — a cited root joined to a cited pa

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