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Full teaching record

gafirada

noun (possessed)

Evidence routed

EN having/with pirate

Meaning & authority

Evidence state: SOURCE-ATTESTED LEXICAL SENSE

Attributed sources: Hadel / Stochl dictionary evidence · LILA Garífuna Diccionario / Salvador Suazo · The People’s Garífuna Dictionary · stockle carib

Academic authority: rules: MARAGAÑ (Shaka) MAGARADA + cited academic laws; engine v2 glass-box

How the form is built

Root: firada — pirate

  • MAG:GA_MA — see LAW_CODEX_v2.1 · MAG:GA_MA
  • LARSEN:POSSESSION — Haurholm-Larsen 2016 (possession, relational classifiers)

polarity ga-/ma- [MAG:GA_MA]

possession (Haurholm-Larsen 2016) [LARSEN:POSSESSION]

Applied laws: MAG:GA_MA · LARSEN:POSSESSION

Academic teaching rationale

Why — ga- 'have/with X' vs ma- 'without/lacking X' form minimal pairs on nouns (gabunuru/mabunuru luck) and verbs (ga- on a verb = 'does X well'). Stacks with person: mabunurutina 'I have no luck'. m- + root + -gubeiyanu/-gubeiyadiwa = negative perfect 'never'. (Magarada §3, §9; Munro & Gallagher negatives (m-/ma-)) [FULL-AUTHOR-GRANT]

Why — Attributive possession by possessive prefixes with an inalienable/alienable split; non-possessive marking; relational classifiers (3 types); suppletive/non-possessable nouns; predicative possession via denominal possessive predicate (ga-/ma- pair) and comitative 'exist with' (úma) — the exact structures behind MAG:GA_MA and Munro's gáma/máma and the Director's úwati possession teaching. (Haurholm-Larsen, S. (2016). A Grammar of Garifuna. PhD diss., Univ. of Bern (collection upload 2026-07-17, full permission/attribution) §3.5.1 exx.78ff) [PRINCIPLES-ONLY — paraphrased]

Voices & attributed examples (3)

  1. hagai san firada ligia ?

    Lila Garifuna Diccionario (Salvador Suazo) · attributed_permission_granted

  2. mutu meha le íweruhabai tila ugunei baranaha [ hagai san firada ligia ?

    Suazo — Lila Garífuna Diccionario (permission granted) · attributed_sentence_bank

  3. súdâra chülüdügüti lidaun aban fulasu I 2.firada [ warafiaga ha | duaribá tia hawai warafia- ga ].

    Suazo — Lila Garífuna Diccionario (permission granted) · attributed_sentence_bank
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