Full teaching record
agumadirahamai
EN they all rule, govern, command, control aumadiruni
Meaning & authority
Evidence state: COMPOSITIONAL CANDIDATE — elder validation required
Attributed sources: Hererun Wagüchagu · lenguas honduras · LILA Garífuna Diccionario / Salvador Suazo · new dictionary · The People’s Garífuna Dictionary
Academic authority: MARAGAÑ (Shaka) MAGARADA 2026-06-24 (modal/optative paradigm, root ex. aguyaguda); Haurholm-Larsen 2016 (irrealis/optative)
How the form is built
Root: agumadira — to rule, govern, command, control aumadiruni
- MOD.3PL — MARAGAÑ (Shaka) MAGARADA 2026-06-24 (modal/optative paradigm, root ex. aguyaguda); Haurholm-Larsen 2016 (irrealis/optative)
Paradigm: modal_optative
-hamai — MOD.3PL [MARAGAÑ (Shaka) MAGARADA 2026-06-24 (modal/optative paradigm, root ex. aguyaguda); Haurholm-Larsen 2016 (irrealis/optative)]
Academic teaching rationale
### agumadirahamai *“they all rule, govern, command, control aumadiruni.”* The form **agumadirahamai** is built upon the root *agumadira*, “to rule, govern, command, control aumadiruni” (The People's Garifuna Dictionary (Cayetano)). To it is joined the modal person suffix *-hamai*, placing third-person plural ('they') within the modal (irrealis) series. Taken whole, the word means precisely “they all rule, govern, command, control aumadiruni” — its gloss states the fully-inflected sense, never the bare meaning of the root. Among the forms built on the same root, **nagumadira** (“I rule, govern, command, control aumadiruni”); **bagumadira** (“you rule, govern, command, control aumadiruni”): each shares the same stem yet bends it to a different shade of meaning, which is exactly how Garífuna wins great precision from a single root. While a citation of this exact form still awaits collection, its root is heard in living speech, as in *“Añaheinti amu, hageindaguña lun máyeihan hamani igaburi burí le kamanibei ubouagu, kéiburi habusenrun lun hagía lan agumadiragua houngua, o sandí hamá anufudei hawéi gürigia o gañi gañi hamá. w24.07 páh. 14 pár. 3; páh. 15 pár. 5 Leindi 20 lidan sedü-hati Lunti feruduna humani, ru huguyame gurasu lun luéi ladügün saragu íruni wuribati lun ( 2 Ko. )”*.
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