One immutable record. No silent merging.

Academic teaching rationale

### apisihaguda *“to cause (someone) to break in pieces.”* The form **apisihaguda** is built upon the root *apisiha*, “to break in pieces” (NISAMINA master dictionary). To it is joined the causative suffix *-guda*, which turns the action outward — to cause or make someone else perform it. Taken whole, the word means precisely “to cause (someone) to break in pieces” — its gloss states the fully-inflected sense, never the bare meaning of the root. To see its precise force, compare **napisiha** (“I break in pieces”); **bapisiha** (“you break in pieces”): each shares the same stem yet bends it to a different shade of meaning, which is exactly how Garífuna wins great precision from a single root. *The construction rests on Haurholm-Larsen 2016 §3.3.4 (-ti/-tu). This is a principled composition — a cited root joined to a cited paradigm — and so it is offered for fluent-elder validation rather than asserted as attested.*