LILA NISAMINAGarífuna Royal Encyclopedia
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Full teaching record

amufuhagua

derived form

Evidence routed

EN to be in the act of moving or transporting oneself/each other; to constantly be in the act of moving or transporting

Meaning & authority

Evidence state: SOURCE-ATTESTED LEXICAL SENSE

Attributed sources: LILA Garífuna Diccionario / Salvador Suazo

Academic authority: rules: MARAGAÑ (Shaka) MAGARADA + cited academic laws; engine v2 glass-box

How the form is built

Root: amufuha — to be in the act of moving or transporting

  • OP:GUA — see LAW_CODEX_v2.1 · OP:GUA
  • LARSEN:GWA_VALENCY — see LAW_CODEX_v2.1 · LARSEN:GWA_VALENCY

middle-reflexive [OP:GUA]

LARSEN:GWA_VALENCY [LARSEN:GWA_VALENCY]

Applied laws: OP:GUA · LARSEN:GWA_VALENCY

Academic teaching rationale

Why — Middle/reflexive ('to X oneself / each other'); Director also rules a continuous reading ('to constantly X': adügagua 'to constantly make'). Distinct from -wa 1PL object ('us': eigawa 'eat us'). (Magarada map + §5; Unit II (massive)) [PRINCIPLES-ONLY — paraphrased]

Why — -gwa reduces transitive valency: reflexive (patient suffix replaced by -gwa, erstwhile patient promoted to prefix; followed by the oblique ún-gwa 'to-self'), reciprocal (partial A/P overlap), anticausative (only P remains). Often surfaces as -gu through morphophonology; -gúwa when stressed. (Haurholm-Larsen, S. (2016). A Grammar of Garifuna. PhD diss., Univ. of Bern (collection upload 2026-07-17, full permission/attribution) §6.1.1 exx.169) [PRINCIPLES-ONLY — paraphrased]

Voices & attributed examples (3)

  1. mamufuhabá luai

    Lila Garifuna Diccionario (Salvador Suazo) · attributed_permission_granted

  2. amufuha.(a-mú-fu-ha) l| 1.

    Suazo — Lila Garífuna Diccionario (permission granted) · attributed_sentence_bank

  3. amufuha.(a-mú-fu-ha) | 1.

    Suazo — Lila Garífuna Diccionario (permission granted) · attributed_sentence_bank
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