Full teaching record
afaginahaguanarügüti
EN he only cooperates / he simply cooperates (does nothing but cooperate)
Meaning & authority
Evidence state: CONTEXT-ATTESTED FORM — source-attributed usage preserved
Attributed sources: LILA Garífuna Diccionario / Salvador Suazo
Academic authority: MARAGAÑ (Shaka) MAGARADA 2026-06-24 (constant-habitual -guadügü/-guarügü/-guadugu 'constantly / for no apparent reason'; restrictive -guanarugu 'only / simply / merely'; his attested examples); Haurholm-Larsen 2016 §3.3.4 (-ti/-tu); Stark 2018 (diachronic *-thi/*-thu)
How the form is built
Root: afaginaha — to cooperate/ to work together/ to collaborate
- RST 'only / simply / merely' — MARAGAÑ (Shaka) MAGARADA 2026-06-24 (constant-habitual -guadügü/-guarügü/-guadugu 'constantly / for no apparent reason'; restrictive -guanarugu 'only / simply / merely'; his attested examples)
- 3SG.M agentive (no prefix) — Haurholm-Larsen 2016 §3.3.4 (-ti/-tu); Stark 2018 (diachronic *-thi/*-thu)
Paradigm: magarada_aspect
-guanarugu — RST 'only / simply / merely' [MARAGAÑ (Shaka) MAGARADA 2026-06-24 (constant-habitual -guadügü/-guarügü/-guadugu 'constantly / for no apparent reason'; restrictive -guanarugu 'only / simply / merely'; his attested examples)]
-ti — 3SG.M agentive (no prefix) [Haurholm-Larsen 2016 §3.3.4 (-ti/-tu); Stark 2018 (diachronic *-thi/*-thu)]
Academic teaching rationale
### afaginahaguanaruguti *“he only cooperates / he simply cooperates (does nothing but cooperate).”* The form **afaginahaguanaruguti** is built upon the root *afaginaha*, “to cooperate/ to work together/ to collaborate” (NISAMINA master dictionary). To it are joined the element *-guanarugu* (RST 'only / simply / merely'), whose force is given by the elder paradigm; then the element *-ti* (3SG.M agentive (no prefix)), whose force is given by the elder paradigm. Taken whole, the word means precisely “he only cooperates / he simply cooperates (does nothing but cooperate)” — its gloss states the fully-inflected sense, never the bare meaning of the root. Set against its kin, **nafaginaha** (“I cooperate”); **bafaginaha** (“you cooperate”): each shares the same stem yet bends it to a different shade of meaning, which is exactly how Garífuna wins great precision from a single root. *The construction rests on Haurholm-Larsen 2016 §3.3.4 (-ti/-tu); MARAGAÑ (Shaka) MAGARADA 2026-06-24 (constant-habitual -guadügü/-guarügü/-guadugu 'constantly / for no apparent reason'). This is a principled composition — a cited root joined to a cited paradigm — and so it is offered for fluent-elder validation rather than asserted as attested.*
Voices & attributed examples (2)
waudiba afaginaha haruga
Lila Garifuna Diccionario (Salvador Suazo) · attributed_permission_grantedafaginaha.(a-fá-gi-na-ha)|adüga fagi- na [ waudiba afaginaha haruga ].
Suazo — Lila Garífuna Diccionario (permission granted) · attributed_sentence_bank
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