One immutable record. No silent merging.

Academic teaching rationale

### gufurumadiu *“you all have been possessed by a spirit (present perfect — Suazo).”* The form **gufurumadiu** is built upon the root *gufuruma*, “to be possessed by a spirit” (NISAMINA master dictionary). To it is joined the present-perfect suffix *-diu* (2PL, Suazo), 'you all have V-ed'. Taken whole, the word means precisely “you all have been possessed by a spirit (present perfect — Suazo)” — its gloss states the fully-inflected sense, never the bare meaning of the root. To see its precise force, compare **ngufuruma** (“I be possessed by a spirit”); **bgufuruma** (“you be possessed by a spirit”): each shares the same stem yet bends it to a different shade of meaning, which is exactly how Garífuna wins great precision from a single root. While a citation of this exact form still awaits collection, its root is heard in living speech, as in *“Añahein amu, másiñati gufuruma hamá lau le hadügübei lidan heseriwidun lun ani marihin hamuti megei hamá lun hawanserun. w19.10 páh. 20 pár. 1, 2 Línsiñegu seinsu ligía lílagülebei sun luwuyeri wuribani ( 1 Tim. )”*. [05_sentences.CLEAN_2026-06-20] *The construction rests on Suazo, Conversemos en garífuna (Guaymuras 1991/1994) — principle recorded with attribution. This is a principled composition — a cited root joined to a cited paradigm —