Full teaching record
áhulaguanarügüti
EN he only pulls out, uproot áhuluni / he simply pulls out, uproot áhuluni (does nothing but pull out, uproot áhuluni)
Meaning & authority
Evidence state: CONTEXT-ATTESTED FORM — source-attributed usage preserved
Attributed sources: Hadel / Stochl dictionary evidence · Hererun Wagüchagu · The People’s Garífuna Dictionary
Academic authority: MARAGAÑ (Shaka) MAGARADA 2026-06-24 (constant-habitual -guadügü/-guarügü/-guadugu 'constantly / for no apparent reason'; restrictive -guanarugu 'only / simply / merely'; his attested examples); Haurholm-Larsen 2016 §3.3.4 (-ti/-tu); Stark 2018 (diachronic *-thi/*-thu)
How the form is built
Root: áhula — to pull out, uproot áhuluni
- RST 'only / simply / merely' — MARAGAÑ (Shaka) MAGARADA 2026-06-24 (constant-habitual -guadügü/-guarügü/-guadugu 'constantly / for no apparent reason'; restrictive -guanarugu 'only / simply / merely'; his attested examples)
- 3SG.M agentive (no prefix) — Haurholm-Larsen 2016 §3.3.4 (-ti/-tu); Stark 2018 (diachronic *-thi/*-thu)
Paradigm: magarada_aspect
-guanarugu — RST 'only / simply / merely' [MARAGAÑ (Shaka) MAGARADA 2026-06-24 (constant-habitual -guadügü/-guarügü/-guadugu 'constantly / for no apparent reason'; restrictive -guanarugu 'only / simply / merely'; his attested examples)]
-ti — 3SG.M agentive (no prefix) [Haurholm-Larsen 2016 §3.3.4 (-ti/-tu); Stark 2018 (diachronic *-thi/*-thu)]
Academic teaching rationale
### áhulaguanaruguti *“he only pulls out, uproot áhuluni / he simply pulls out, uproot áhuluni (does nothing but pull out, uproot áhuluni).”* The form **áhulaguanaruguti** is built upon the root *áhula*, “to pull out, uproot áhuluni” (The People's Garifuna Dictionary (Cayetano)). To it are joined the element *-guanarugu* (RST 'only / simply / merely'), whose force is given by the elder paradigm; then the element *-ti* (3SG.M agentive (no prefix)), whose force is given by the elder paradigm. Taken whole, the word means precisely “he only pulls out, uproot áhuluni / he simply pulls out, uproot áhuluni (does nothing but pull out, uproot áhuluni)” — its gloss states the fully-inflected sense, never the bare meaning of the root. Set against its kin, **náhula** (“I pull out, uproot áhuluni”); **báhula** (“you pull out, uproot áhuluni”): each shares the same stem yet bends it to a different shade of meaning, which is exactly how Garífuna wins great precision from a single root. While a citation of this exact form still awaits collection, its root is heard in living speech, as in *“Ayánhein dunúru áhulaha héweraü lídangiyen múwa.”* — ‘Birds are pulling worms out of the ground.’. [FEED:verified_sentences] *The construction rests on Haurholm-Larsen 2016 §3.3.4 (-ti/-tu); MARAGAÑ (Shaka) MA
Voices & attributed examples (3)
adüga erei uucha naduabu suntilala guri- bngnun lgiuogún mua [aia áhula gain.arancar exrar esenterrar.
Suazo — Lila Garífuna Diccionario (permission granted) · attributed_sentence_bankáhula [ achulara gain]| 4.
Suazo — Lila Garífuna Diccionario (permission granted) · attributed_sentence_bankáhula furumie tin nadü, furumie tilule 25.
Suazo — Lila Garífuna Diccionario (permission granted) · attributed_sentence_bank
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