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Full teaching record

iúnrahana

Elder review visible

EN they have raised repeatedly (present perfect — Suazo)

Meaning & authority

Evidence state: COMPOSITIONAL CANDIDATE — elder validation required

Attributed sources: The People’s Garífuna Dictionary

Academic authority: Suazo, Conversemos en garífuna (Guaymuras 1991/1994) — principle recorded with attribution; authorship Suazo

How the form is built

Root: iúnraha — to raise repeatedly

  • PERF.3PL PRESENT-PERFECT 'have V-ed' — Suazo, Conversemos en garífuna (Guaymuras 1991/1994) — principle recorded with attribution; authorship Suazo

Paradigm: academic

-na — PERF.3PL PRESENT-PERFECT 'have V-ed' [Suazo, Conversemos en garífuna (Guaymuras 1991/1994) — principle recorded with attribution; authorship Suazo]

Academic teaching rationale

### iúnrahana *“they have raised repeatedly (present perfect — Suazo).”* The form **iúnrahana** is built upon the root *iúnraha*, “to raise repeatedly” (The People's Garifuna Dictionary (Cayetano)). To it is joined the perfect-continuous suffix *-gubeiyein*, which stretches the action across all past time up to the present, 'has always been …-ing' (the *-yein* marking a masculine subject). Taken whole, the word means precisely “they have raised repeatedly (present perfect — Suazo)” — its gloss states the fully-inflected sense, never the bare meaning of the root. Placed beside its siblings, **niúnraha** (“I raise repeatedly”); **biúnraha** (“you raise repeatedly”): each shares the same stem yet bends it to a different shade of meaning, which is exactly how Garífuna wins great precision from a single root. *The construction rests on Suazo, Conversemos en garífuna (Guaymuras 1991/1994) — principle recorded with attribution. This is a principled composition — a cited root joined to a cited paradigm — and so it is offered for fluent-elder validation rather than asserted as attested.*

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