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Full teaching record

agifidahumai

Elder review visible

EN you all become bitter

Meaning & authority

Evidence state: COMPOSITIONAL CANDIDATE — elder validation required

Academic authority: MARAGAÑ (Shaka) MAGARADA 2026-06-24 (modal/optative paradigm, root ex. aguyaguda); Haurholm-Larsen 2016 (irrealis/optative)

How the form is built

Root: agifida — to become bitter

  • MOD.2PL — MARAGAÑ (Shaka) MAGARADA 2026-06-24 (modal/optative paradigm, root ex. aguyaguda); Haurholm-Larsen 2016 (irrealis/optative)

Paradigm: modal_optative

-humai — MOD.2PL [MARAGAÑ (Shaka) MAGARADA 2026-06-24 (modal/optative paradigm, root ex. aguyaguda); Haurholm-Larsen 2016 (irrealis/optative)]

Academic teaching rationale

### agifidahumai *“you all become bitter.”* The form **agifidahumai** is built upon the root *agifida*, “to become bitter” (NISAMINA master dictionary). To it is joined the modal person suffix *-humai*, placing second-person plural ('you all') within the modal (irrealis) series. Taken whole, the word means precisely “you all become bitter” — its gloss states the fully-inflected sense, never the bare meaning of the root. Set against its kin, **nagifida** (“I become bitter”); **bagifida** (“you become bitter”): each shares the same stem yet bends it to a different shade of meaning, which is exactly how Garífuna wins great precision from a single root. *The construction rests on MARAGAÑ (Shaka) MAGARADA 2026-06-24 (modal/optative paradigm, root ex. aguyaguda). This is a principled composition — a cited root joined to a cited paradigm — and so it is offered for fluent-elder validation rather than asserted as attested.*

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agifidahumai — LILA NISAMINA Garífuna Encyclopedia