Full teaching record
apiriraguanarügütu
EN she only appeals plead apiriruni apostolu, apostle / she simply appeals plead apiriruni apostolu, apostle (does nothing but appeal, plead apiriruni apostolu, apostle)
Meaning & authority
Evidence state: COMPOSITIONAL CANDIDATE — elder validation required
Attributed sources: The People’s Garífuna Dictionary
Academic authority: MARAGAÑ (Shaka) MAGARADA 2026-06-24 (constant-habitual -guadügü/-guarügü/-guadugu 'constantly / for no apparent reason'; restrictive -guanarugu 'only / simply / merely'; his attested examples); Haurholm-Larsen 2016 §3.3.4 (-ti/-tu); Stark 2018 (diachronic *-thi/*-thu)
How the form is built
Root: apirira — to appeal, plead apiriruni apostolu, apostle
- RST 'only / simply / merely' — MARAGAÑ (Shaka) MAGARADA 2026-06-24 (constant-habitual -guadügü/-guarügü/-guadugu 'constantly / for no apparent reason'; restrictive -guanarugu 'only / simply / merely'; his attested examples)
- 3SG.F agentive (no prefix) — Haurholm-Larsen 2016 §3.3.4 (-ti/-tu); Stark 2018 (diachronic *-thi/*-thu)
Paradigm: magarada_aspect
-guanarugu — RST 'only / simply / merely' [MARAGAÑ (Shaka) MAGARADA 2026-06-24 (constant-habitual -guadügü/-guarügü/-guadugu 'constantly / for no apparent reason'; restrictive -guanarugu 'only / simply / merely'; his attested examples)]
-tu — 3SG.F agentive (no prefix) [Haurholm-Larsen 2016 §3.3.4 (-ti/-tu); Stark 2018 (diachronic *-thi/*-thu)]
Academic teaching rationale
### apiriraguanarugutu *“she only appeals plead apiriruni apostolu, apostle / she simply appeals plead apiriruni apostolu, apostle (does nothing but appeal, plead apiriruni apostolu, apostle).”* The form **apiriraguanarugutu** is built upon the root *apirira*, “to appeal, plead apiriruni apostolu, apostle” (The People's Garifuna Dictionary (Cayetano)). To it are joined the element *-guanarugu* (RST 'only / simply / merely'), whose force is given by the elder paradigm; then the element *-tu* (3SG.F agentive (no prefix)), whose force is given by the elder paradigm. Taken whole, the word means precisely “she only appeals plead apiriruni apostolu, apostle / she simply appeals plead apiriruni apostolu, apostle (does nothing but appeal, plead apiriruni apostolu, apostle)” — its gloss states the fully-inflected sense, never the bare meaning of the root. Among the forms built on the same root, **napirira** (“I appeal, plead apiriruni apostolu, apostle”); **bapirira** (“you appeal, plead apiriruni apostolu, apostle”): each shares the same stem yet bends it to a different shade of meaning, which is exactly how Garífuna wins great precision from a single root. *The construction rests on Haurholm-Larsen 2016 §3.3.4 (-ti/-tu); MARAGAÑ (Shaka) MAGARADA 2026-06-24 (constant-habitual -guadügü/-g
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