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Garifuturist language-science illustration

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Full teaching record

aduweihaguatibu

Elder review visible

EN you are constantly owing

Meaning & authority

Evidence state: COMPOSITIONAL CANDIDATE — elder validation required

Academic authority: MARAGAÑ (Shaka) MAGARADA 2026-06-24 (OUFUDA master suffix family — his exclusive contribution)

How the form is built

Root: aduweiha — to owe/ to debit

  • OUFUDA guatibu — MARAGAÑ (Shaka) MAGARADA 2026-06-24 (OUFUDA master suffix family — his exclusive contribution)

Paradigm: oufuda

-guatibu — OUFUDA guatibu [MARAGAÑ (Shaka) MAGARADA 2026-06-24 (OUFUDA master suffix family — his exclusive contribution)]

Academic teaching rationale

### aduweihaguatibu *“you are constantly owing.”* The form **aduweihaguatibu** is built upon the root *aduweiha*, “to owe/ to debit” (NISAMINA master dictionary). To it is joined the element *-guatibu* (OUFUDA guatibu), whose force is given by the elder paradigm. Taken whole, the word means precisely “you are constantly owing” — its gloss states the fully-inflected sense, never the bare meaning of the root. To see its precise force, compare **naduweiha** (“I owe”); **baduweiha** (“you owe”): each shares the same stem yet bends it to a different shade of meaning, which is exactly how Garífuna wins great precision from a single root. *The construction rests on MARAGAÑ (Shaka) MAGARADA 2026-06-24 (OUFUDA master suffix family — his exclusive contribution). This is a principled composition — a cited root joined to a cited paradigm — and so it is offered for fluent-elder validation rather than asserted as attested.*

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