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Garifuturist language-science illustration

Exact record 8bf4bda87c0b9c0b loaded from shard AFU.

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Full teaching record

afurundehawa

Elder review visible

EN to show cruelty afurundehani us

Meaning & authority

Evidence state: COMPOSITIONAL CANDIDATE — elder validation required

Attributed sources: Hadel / Stochl dictionary evidence · The People’s Garífuna Dictionary · stockle carib

Academic authority: Quesada 2017 §3.3; Haurholm-Larsen 2016 §3.3.1 (-ni)

How the form is built

Root: afurundeha — to show cruelty afurundehani

  • 1PL-obj 'us' — Quesada 2017 §3.3; Haurholm-Larsen 2016 §3.3.1 (-ni)

-wa — 1PL-obj 'us' [Quesada 2017 §3.3; Haurholm-Larsen 2016 §3.3.1 (-ni)]

Academic teaching rationale

### afurundehawa *“to show cruelty afurundehani us.”* The form **afurundehawa** is built upon the root *afurundeha*, “to show cruelty afurundehani” (The People's Garifuna Dictionary (Cayetano)). To it is joined the first-person-plural object suffix *-wa*, which makes 'us' the ones acted upon. Taken whole, the word means precisely “to show cruelty afurundehani us” — its gloss states the fully-inflected sense, never the bare meaning of the root. Set against its kin, **nafurundeha** (“I show cruelty afurundehani”); **bafurundeha** (“you show cruelty afurundehani”): each shares the same stem yet bends it to a different shade of meaning, which is exactly how Garífuna wins great precision from a single root. *The construction rests on Quesada 2017 §3.3. This is a principled composition — a cited root joined to a cited paradigm — and so it is offered for fluent-elder validation rather than asserted as attested.*

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