Permanent evidence record

One immutable record. No silent merging.

This address resolves one public-safe V12.1 teaching record by exact shard and immutable record ID. Related records with the same headword remain separate.

Garifuturist language-science illustration

Exact record a80ecf6053185f20 loaded from shard AGU.

Exact audit locator: shard AGU, record a80ecf6053185f20. This page contains that record's server-rendered evidence before browser hydration.

Full teaching record

aguburahagubeiyadiwa

Elder review visible

EN we have always been charging ask (someone) to pay (continuously / habitually, up to now)

Meaning & authority

Evidence state: CONTEXT-ATTESTED FORM — source-attributed usage preserved

Attributed sources: Hererun Wagüchagu · LILA Garífuna Diccionario / Salvador Suazo · The People’s Garífuna Dictionary

Academic authority: MARAGAÑ (Shaka) MAGARADA 2026-06-24 (eibuga aspect family: -dugu frequentative / -gubeiyein perfect-continuous)

How the form is built

Root: aguburaha — to charge, ask (someone) to pay

  • PERF.1PL perfect-continuous 'have always been'; on a negative stem = 'never' — MARAGAÑ (Shaka) MAGARADA 2026-06-24 (eibuga aspect family: -dugu frequentative / -gubeiyein perfect-continuous)

Paradigm: aspect

-gubeiyadiwa — PERF.1PL perfect-continuous 'have always been'; on a negative stem = 'never' [MARAGAÑ (Shaka) MAGARADA 2026-06-24 (eibuga aspect family: -dugu frequentative / -gubeiyein perfect-continuous)]

Academic teaching rationale

### aguburahagubeiyadiwa *“we have always been charging ask (someone) to pay (continuously / habitually, up to now).”* The form **aguburahagubeiyadiwa** is built upon the root *aguburaha*, “to charge, ask (someone) to pay” (The People's Garifuna Dictionary (Cayetano)). To it is joined the perfect-continuous suffix *-gubeiyadiwa* (1PL), which carries 'we have always been …-ing' across all past time; on a negative stem it reads 'we have never been'. Taken whole, the word means precisely “we have always been charging ask (someone) to pay (continuously / habitually, up to now)” — its gloss states the fully-inflected sense, never the bare meaning of the root. Set against its kin, **naguburaha** (“I charge, ask (someone) to pay”); **baguburaha** (“you charge, ask (someone) to pay”): each shares the same stem yet bends it to a different shade of meaning, which is exactly how Garífuna wins great precision from a single root. While a citation of this exact form still awaits collection, its root is heard in living speech, as in *“ánhein adǘgaali lubeí dáñu bun, o ánhein dúwei lubálibu, agúburaha bána”*. [05_sentences.CLEAN_2026-06-20] *The construction rests on MARAGAÑ (Shaka) MAGARADA 2026-06-24 (eibuga aspect family: -dugu frequentative / -gubeiyein perfect-continuous). This is a princip

Voices & attributed examples (3)
  1. ídabai san lidâni aguburahaní?

    Salvador Suazo, Lila Garifuna Diccionario A-Y — permission granted · attributed_permission_granted
  2. ánhabu tia maudin aguburaha, mafayeirunbadibu

    Lila Garifuna Diccionario (Salvador Suazo) · attributed_permission_granted
  3. aucha lun lafayeiruní mutu ladueihan [ ánhabu tia maudin aguburaha, mafayeirunbadibu ].

    Suazo — Lila Garífuna Diccionario (permission granted) · attributed_sentence_bank
Exact community voice contexts ()

Occurrence is not definition. These links provide attributed sentence context only; they do not alter this entry's meaning, root, morphology, derivation, translation, evidence state, or elder-review status.

Loading exact community voice contexts…

Open the complete named community voice archive
Community orthography candidates—not admitted examples ()

Review candidate only. Stress marks may differ, but `ü`, `ñ`, letters, apostrophes, hyphens, and token boundaries are preserved. Nothing here changes spelling, meaning, evidence state, or elder-review status.

Loading review-only community orthography candidates…

Review this form across the complete named voice archive