Full teaching record
aguburahagubeiyadiwa
EN we have always been charging ask (someone) to pay (continuously / habitually, up to now)
Meaning & authority
Evidence state: CONTEXT-ATTESTED FORM — source-attributed usage preserved
Attributed sources: Hererun Wagüchagu · LILA Garífuna Diccionario / Salvador Suazo · The People’s Garífuna Dictionary
Academic authority: MARAGAÑ (Shaka) MAGARADA 2026-06-24 (eibuga aspect family: -dugu frequentative / -gubeiyein perfect-continuous)
How the form is built
Root: aguburaha — to charge, ask (someone) to pay
- PERF.1PL perfect-continuous 'have always been'; on a negative stem = 'never' — MARAGAÑ (Shaka) MAGARADA 2026-06-24 (eibuga aspect family: -dugu frequentative / -gubeiyein perfect-continuous)
Paradigm: aspect
-gubeiyadiwa — PERF.1PL perfect-continuous 'have always been'; on a negative stem = 'never' [MARAGAÑ (Shaka) MAGARADA 2026-06-24 (eibuga aspect family: -dugu frequentative / -gubeiyein perfect-continuous)]
Academic teaching rationale
### aguburahagubeiyadiwa *“we have always been charging ask (someone) to pay (continuously / habitually, up to now).”* The form **aguburahagubeiyadiwa** is built upon the root *aguburaha*, “to charge, ask (someone) to pay” (The People's Garifuna Dictionary (Cayetano)). To it is joined the perfect-continuous suffix *-gubeiyadiwa* (1PL), which carries 'we have always been …-ing' across all past time; on a negative stem it reads 'we have never been'. Taken whole, the word means precisely “we have always been charging ask (someone) to pay (continuously / habitually, up to now)” — its gloss states the fully-inflected sense, never the bare meaning of the root. Set against its kin, **naguburaha** (“I charge, ask (someone) to pay”); **baguburaha** (“you charge, ask (someone) to pay”): each shares the same stem yet bends it to a different shade of meaning, which is exactly how Garífuna wins great precision from a single root. While a citation of this exact form still awaits collection, its root is heard in living speech, as in *“ánhein adǘgaali lubeí dáñu bun, o ánhein dúwei lubálibu, agúburaha bána”*. [05_sentences.CLEAN_2026-06-20] *The construction rests on MARAGAÑ (Shaka) MAGARADA 2026-06-24 (eibuga aspect family: -dugu frequentative / -gubeiyein perfect-continuous). This is a princip
Voices & attributed examples (3)
ídabai san lidâni aguburahaní?
Salvador Suazo, Lila Garifuna Diccionario A-Y — permission granted · attributed_permission_grantedánhabu tia maudin aguburaha, mafayeirunbadibu
Lila Garifuna Diccionario (Salvador Suazo) · attributed_permission_grantedaucha lun lafayeiruní mutu ladueihan [ ánhabu tia maudin aguburaha, mafayeirunbadibu ].
Suazo — Lila Garífuna Diccionario (permission granted) · attributed_sentence_bank
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