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Full teaching record

apiiradiwa

Elder review visible

EN we have begged (present perfect — Suazo)

Meaning & authority

Evidence state: COMPOSITIONAL CANDIDATE — elder validation required

Academic authority: Suazo, Conversemos en garífuna (Guaymuras 1991/1994) — principle recorded with attribution; authorship Suazo

How the form is built

Root: apiira — to beg

  • PERF.1PL PRESENT-PERFECT 'have V-ed' — Suazo, Conversemos en garífuna (Guaymuras 1991/1994) — principle recorded with attribution; authorship Suazo

Paradigm: academic

-diwa — PERF.1PL PRESENT-PERFECT 'have V-ed' [Suazo, Conversemos en garífuna (Guaymuras 1991/1994) — principle recorded with attribution; authorship Suazo]

Academic teaching rationale

### apiiradiwa *“we have begged (present perfect — Suazo).”* The form **apiiradiwa** is built upon the root *apiira*, “to beg” (NISAMINA master dictionary). To it is joined the present-perfect suffix *-diwa* (1PL, Suazo), 'we have V-ed'. Taken whole, the word means precisely “we have begged (present perfect — Suazo)” — its gloss states the fully-inflected sense, never the bare meaning of the root. Among the forms built on the same root, **napiira** (“I beg”); **bapiira** (“you beg”): each shares the same stem yet bends it to a different shade of meaning, which is exactly how Garífuna wins great precision from a single root. *The construction rests on Suazo, Conversemos en garífuna (Guaymuras 1991/1994) — principle recorded with attribution. This is a principled composition — a cited root joined to a cited paradigm — and so it is offered for fluent-elder validation rather than asserted as attested.*

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