Full teaching record
áhibihaguadügütiña
EN they are constant exert much effort or energiers — they do it constantly, for no apparent reason
Meaning & authority
Evidence state: CONTEXT-ATTESTED FORM — source-attributed usage preserved
Attributed sources: gld · Hadel / Stochl dictionary evidence · Hererun Wagüchagu · LILA Garífuna Diccionario / Salvador Suazo · The People’s Garífuna Dictionary
Academic authority: MARAGAÑ (Shaka) MAGARADA 2026-06-24 (constant-habitual -guadügü/-guarügü/-guadugu 'constantly / for no apparent reason'; restrictive -guanarugu 'only / simply / merely'; his attested examples); Haurholm-Larsen 2016 §3.3.4 (-ti/-tu); Stark 2018 (diachronic *-thi/*-thu)
How the form is built
Root: áhibiha — to exert much effort or energy
- CONST.HAB 'constantly / for no apparent reason' — MARAGAÑ (Shaka) MAGARADA 2026-06-24 (constant-habitual -guadügü/-guarügü/-guadugu 'constantly / for no apparent reason'; restrictive -guanarugu 'only / simply / merely'; his attested examples)
- 3PL agentive (no prefix) — Haurholm-Larsen 2016 §3.3.4 (-ti/-tu); Stark 2018 (diachronic *-thi/*-thu)
Paradigm: magarada_aspect
-guadügü — CONST.HAB 'constantly / for no apparent reason' [MARAGAÑ (Shaka) MAGARADA 2026-06-24 (constant-habitual -guadügü/-guarügü/-guadugu 'constantly / for no apparent reason'; restrictive -guanarugu 'only / simply / merely'; his attested examples)]
-tiña — 3PL agentive (no prefix) [Haurholm-Larsen 2016 §3.3.4 (-ti/-tu); Stark 2018 (diachronic *-thi/*-thu)]
Academic teaching rationale
### áhibihaguadügütiña *“they are constant exert much effort or energiers — they do it constantly, for no apparent reason.”* The form **áhibihaguadügütiña** is built upon the root *áhibiha*, “to exert much effort or energy” (NISAMINA master dictionary). To it are joined the element *-guadügü* (CONST.HAB 'constantly / for no apparent reason'), whose force is given by the elder paradigm; then the element *-tiña* (3PL agentive (no prefix)), whose force is given by the elder paradigm. Taken whole, the word means precisely “they are constant exert much effort or energiers — they do it constantly, for no apparent reason” — its gloss states the fully-inflected sense, never the bare meaning of the root. Among the forms built on the same root, **náhibiha** (“I exert much effort or energy”); **báhibiha** (“you exert much effort or energy”): each shares the same stem yet bends it to a different shade of meaning, which is exactly how Garífuna wins great precision from a single root. While a citation of this exact form still awaits collection, its root is heard in living speech, as in *“Áhibihatina lubúyein eréba.”* — ‘Sálu ában lídangiyen tubúyein féin.’. [FEED:verified_sentences] *The construction rests on Haurholm-Larsen 2016 §3.3.4 (-ti/-tu); MARAGAÑ (Shaka) MAGARADA 2026-06-24 (constant-
Voices & attributed examples (3)
|5. ásügüragüda lagu lagu sibiba lidangien híbise tidaun bau- lu [anuhain áhibiha
Salvador Suazo, Lila Garifuna Diccionario A-Y — permission granted · attributed_permission_grantedátuluha tidiburi lubarun tati 1 || 5. lagumeserun huya áhibiha [ aniha huya átuluha
Salvador Suazo, Lila Garifuna Diccionario A-Y — permission granted · attributed_permission_grantedanuhain áhibiha
Lila Garifuna Diccionario (Salvador Suazo) · attributed_permission_granted
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