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Full teaching record

achubarali

Elder review visible

EN he has jumped (present perfect — Suazo)

Meaning & authority

Evidence state: CONTEXT-ATTESTED FORM — source-attributed usage preserved

Attributed sources: Hererun Wagüchagu · LILA Garífuna Diccionario / Salvador Suazo · The People’s Garífuna Dictionary · stockle carib

Academic authority: Suazo, Conversemos en garífuna (Guaymuras 1991/1994) — principle recorded with attribution; authorship Suazo

How the form is built

Root: achubara — to jump

  • PERF.3SG.M PRESENT-PERFECT 'have V-ed' — Suazo, Conversemos en garífuna (Guaymuras 1991/1994) — principle recorded with attribution; authorship Suazo

Paradigm: academic

-li — PERF.3SG.M PRESENT-PERFECT 'have V-ed' [Suazo, Conversemos en garífuna (Guaymuras 1991/1994) — principle recorded with attribution; authorship Suazo]

Academic teaching rationale

### achubarali *“he has jumped (present perfect — Suazo).”* The form **achubarali** is built upon the root *achubara*, “to jump” (The People's Garifuna Dictionary (Cayetano)). To it is joined the present-perfect suffix *-li* (3SG.M, Suazo), 'he has V-ed'. Taken whole, the word means precisely “he has jumped (present perfect — Suazo)” — its gloss states the fully-inflected sense, never the bare meaning of the root. Among the forms built on the same root, **nachubara** (“I jump”); **bachubara** (“you jump”): each shares the same stem yet bends it to a different shade of meaning, which is exactly how Garífuna wins great precision from a single root. While a citation of this exact form still awaits collection, its root is heard in living speech, as in *“h-achúbara n-umáda-gu”* — ‘my friends jumped’. [FEED:Steffen_Haurholm_Larsen.dissertation_2016] *The construction rests on Suazo, Conversemos en garífuna (Guaymuras 1991/1994) — principle recorded with attribution. This is a principled composition — a cited root joined to a cited paradigm — and so it is offered for fluent-elder validation rather than asserted as attested.*

Voices & attributed examples (3)
  1. achubara lidangien lagüburi uwe- nedu

    Salvador Suazo, Lila Garifuna Diccionario A-Y — permission granted · attributed_permission_granted
  2. añarein barasi achubara- hauwa yara liumaun duna

    Salvador Suazo, Lila Garifuna Diccionario A-Y — permission granted · attributed_permission_granted
  3. achubara lidangien lagüburi uwenedu

    Lila Garifuna Diccionario (Salvador Suazo) · attributed_permission_granted
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