Full teaching record
afíunralei
EN he curses swear
Meaning & authority
Evidence state: COMPOSITIONAL CANDIDATE — elder validation required
Attributed sources: The People’s Garífuna Dictionary
Academic authority: MARAGAÑ (Shaka) MAGARADA 2026-06-24 (modal/optative paradigm, root ex. aguyaguda); Haurholm-Larsen 2016 (irrealis/optative)
How the form is built
Root: afíunra — to curse, swear
- MOD.3SG.M — MARAGAÑ (Shaka) MAGARADA 2026-06-24 (modal/optative paradigm, root ex. aguyaguda); Haurholm-Larsen 2016 (irrealis/optative)
Paradigm: modal_optative
-lei — MOD.3SG.M [MARAGAÑ (Shaka) MAGARADA 2026-06-24 (modal/optative paradigm, root ex. aguyaguda); Haurholm-Larsen 2016 (irrealis/optative)]
Academic teaching rationale
### afíunralei *“he curses swear.”* The form **afíunralei** is built upon the root *afíunra*, “to curse, swear” (The People's Garifuna Dictionary (Cayetano)). To it is joined the modal person suffix *-lei*, placing third-person masculine ('he') within the modal (irrealis) series. Taken whole, the word means precisely “he curses swear” — its gloss states the fully-inflected sense, never the bare meaning of the root. Among the forms built on the same root, **nafíunra** (“I curse, swear”); **bafíunra** (“you curse, swear”): each shares the same stem yet bends it to a different shade of meaning, which is exactly how Garífuna wins great precision from a single root. While a citation of this exact form still awaits collection, its root is heard in living speech, as in *“Afíunrati mádulun lun líchiguni lidérebugu lúma libágari lún ganali.”* — ‘The sailor swore an oath to give his strength and his life to the deep sea.’. [FEED:verified_sentences] *The construction rests on MARAGAÑ (Shaka) MAGARADA 2026-06-24 (modal/optative paradigm, root ex. aguyaguda). This is a principled composition — a cited root joined to a cited paradigm — and so it is offered for fluent-elder validation rather than asserted as attested.*
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