Full teaching record
ayuguruhahamali
EN they have already crowed of a rooster ayguruhani (it) / they just crowed of a rooster ayguruhani (it) — it just happened
Meaning & authority
Evidence state: CONTEXT-ATTESTED FORM — source-attributed usage preserved
Attributed sources: LILA Garífuna Diccionario / Salvador Suazo · The People’s Garífuna Dictionary · stockle carib
Academic authority: MARAGAÑ (Shaka) MAGARADA 2026-06-24 (eibuga aspect family: -dugu frequentative / -gubeiyein perfect-continuous)
How the form is built
Root: ayuguruha — to crow, of a rooster ayguruhani
- IPFV.3PL (immediate perfective 'already / just happened', NOT permissive) — MARAGAÑ (Shaka) MAGARADA 2026-06-24 (eibuga aspect family: -dugu frequentative / -gubeiyein perfect-continuous)
Paradigm: aspect
-hamali — IPFV.3PL (immediate perfective 'already / just happened', NOT permissive) [MARAGAÑ (Shaka) MAGARADA 2026-06-24 (eibuga aspect family: -dugu frequentative / -gubeiyein perfect-continuous)]
Academic teaching rationale
### ayuguruhahamali *“they have already crowed of a rooster ayguruhani (it) / they just crowed of a rooster ayguruhani (it) — it just happened.”* The form **ayuguruhahamali** is built upon the root *ayuguruha*, “to crow, of a rooster ayguruhani” (The People's Garifuna Dictionary (Cayetano)). To it is joined the immediate-perfective suffix *-hamali* (3PL), which reports the action as already completed by them — 'they have just done it'. Taken whole, the word means precisely “they have already crowed of a rooster ayguruhani (it) / they just crowed of a rooster ayguruhani (it) — it just happened” — its gloss states the fully-inflected sense, never the bare meaning of the root. To see its precise force, compare **nayuguruha** (“I crow, of a rooster ayguruhani”); **bayuguruha** (“you crow, of a rooster ayguruhani”): each shares the same stem yet bends it to a different shade of meaning, which is exactly how Garífuna wins great precision from a single root. *The construction rests on MARAGAÑ (Shaka) MAGARADA 2026-06-24 (eibuga aspect family: -dugu frequentative / -gubeiyein perfect-continuous). This is a principled composition — a cited root joined to a cited paradigm — and so it is offered for fluent-elder validation rather than asserted as attested.*
Voices & attributed examples (3)
saraba, ayuguruha gayu, anite larugan
Lila Garifuna Diccionario (Salvador Suazo) · attributed_permission_grantedherederun gayu ayuguruha ∥| 2.
Suazo — Lila Garífuna Diccionario (permission granted) · attributed_sentence_banklagúarun ariran lubarun larugan [ saraba, ayuguruha gayu, anite larugan ] ll 3.
Suazo — Lila Garífuna Diccionario (permission granted) · attributed_sentence_bank
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